A prevalent condition, particularly as people age, and they are the leading cause of vision loss in individuals over 40. While cataracts are more widespread than many realize, several factors contribute to their development as we get older.
What Are Cataracts?
It occurs when the lens of the eye becomes clouded, leading to impaired vision. This cloud develops gradually and can affect one or both eyes.
Common symptoms of cataracts include:
- Blurry or dim vision.
- Difficulty seeing at night.
- Sensitivity to light.
- Sometimes, double vision.
Why Are Cataracts More Common in Older Adults?
- Age-Related Changes: As we age, the proteins in the eye’s lens can begin to break down and clump together, leading to cloudiness in the lens and, eventually, cataracts.
- UV Light Exposure: Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun damages the proteins in the lens, increasing the likelihood of cataract formation.
- Medical Conditions: Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, elevate the risk of developing cataracts. Individuals with previous eye surgeries or injuries are also at higher risk.
- Medications: Long-term use of medications can increase the risk of cataracts.
Preventing and Treating Cataracts
While it is impossible to prevent cataracts entirely, there are steps you can take to lower your risk. Protecting your eyes from UV light by wearing sunglasses, maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and managing medical conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure helps to reduce the chance of developing cataracts.
If cataracts do develop, surgery is the only effective treatment. Cataract surgery is a safe and common method where the cloudy lens is removed and replaced by an artificial one. This surgery is performed on an outpatient basis, and most patients resume their normal activities within a few days.
In summary, cataracts are a common age-related condition. While they cannot be entirely prevented, taking preventive measures can reduce your risk, and cataract surgery offers a highly effective treatment option if they do develop. If you are concerned about the risk for cataracts, consult with your ophthalmologist to learn more about prevention and treatment options.
